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| Skala Kebimbangan Komputer× | Indeks Kesiapan Teknologi× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Sistem Maklumat | Sistem Maklumat |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1987 | 2000 |
| Pengasas≠ | Rosen, Sears & Weil | Ajay Parasuraman |
| Jenis≠ | Likert-scale anxiety measure | Likert-scale questionnaire |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Rosen, L. D., Sears, D. C., & Weil, M. M. (1987). Computerphobia. Journal of School Psychology, 25(3), 221-232. DOI ↗ | Parasuraman, A., & Colby, C. L. (2015). An updated and streamlined Technology Readiness Index. Journal of Service Research, 18(1), 59-74. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | CARS, Computer Anxiety Rating Scale | TRI, Parasuraman Technology Readiness |
| Berkaitan | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Computer Anxiety Rating Scale (CARS) was developed by Rosen, Sears, and Weil in 1987 to measure the emotional distress and fear individuals experience when thinking about using computers or engaging with computer technology. CARS is a foundational instrument in understanding psychological barriers to technology adoption and has been widely applied across education, workplace training, and organizational digital transformation contexts. | The Technology Readiness Index (TRI) was developed by Ajay Parasuraman in 2000 to measure individual propensity to adopt and use new technologies. The TRI assesses a person's personal attitudes toward technology across four dimensions: optimism, innovativeness, discomfort, and insecurity. Updated in 2015 with a streamlined 16-item version, the TRI helps identify technology adopter segments and predict behavior across diverse technology contexts. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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