Bandingkan kaedah

	Etnografi Digital Komparatif	Kajian Kes Perbandingan	Etnografi Digital
Bidang	Kualitatif	Kualitatif	Kualitatif
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1995–2000 (multi-sited framework 1995; virtual ethnography 2000)	1984 (Yin); 1995 (Stake)	Late 1990s – 2000s
Pengasas	Christine Hine (digital ethnography); George E. Marcus (multi-sited ethnography)	Robert K. Yin; Robert E. Stake	Christine Hine (virtual ethnography); Robert V. Kozinets (netnography)
Jenis	Qualitative research design	Qualitative / mixed research design	Qualitative research method
Sumber perintis	Hine, C. (2000). Virtual Ethnography. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761958963	Yin, R. K. (2018). Case Study Research and Applications: Design and Methods (6th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506336169	Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875228
Alias	CDE, multi-site digital ethnography, cross-platform ethnography, comparative virtual ethnography	cross-case study, multi-site case study, multiple case study design, comparative case analysis	online ethnography, virtual ethnography, internet ethnography, netnography
Berkaitan	5	4	6
Ringkasan	Comparative Digital Ethnography (CDE) is a qualitative design that applies ethnographic methods — sustained participant observation, interview, and artefact analysis — across two or more digital settings simultaneously. By systematically comparing practices, meanings, and interactions in different online environments (e.g., distinct platforms, communities, or national contexts), CDE surfaces both site-specific patterns and cross-cutting cultural logics that a single-site study would miss.	Comparative case study is a qualitative research design in which two or more bounded cases are studied in depth and then systematically compared to identify similarities, differences, and patterns across contexts. Rooted in Yin's replication logic and Stake's multiple case framework, it is particularly suited to questions that ask how or why a phenomenon unfolds differently — or similarly — across distinct settings, populations, or time periods.	Digital ethnography is a qualitative research method that adapts traditional ethnographic fieldwork to online and digitally mediated settings. Drawing on sustained participant observation, document collection, and sometimes interviews, the researcher immerses themselves in one or more digital communities — social media platforms, forums, gaming spaces, or messaging groups — to understand how culture, identity, and social practice are constructed through digital interaction. The approach recognises that online spaces are not merely reflections of offline life but distinctive sites of cultural production in their own right.