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	Pengesanan Komuniti	Ideal Point Estimation
Bidang	Analisis Rangkaian	Political Science
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Latent structure
Tahun asal	2002–2019 (algorithm family)	2004
Pengasas	Louvain: Blondel et al. (2008); Leiden: Traag et al. (2019); Girvan-Newman: Girvan & Newman (2002); Infomap: Rosvall & Bergstrom (2008)	Clinton, Jackman & Rivers (Bayesian formulation); Poole & Rosenthal (spatial tradition)
Jenis	Graph-partitioning / clustering algorithm family	Latent-variable spatial model of binary choice data
Sumber perintis	Blondel, V.D., Guillaume, J.-L., Lambiotte, R. & Lefebvre, E. (2008). Fast Unfolding of Communities in Large Networks. Journal of Statistical Mechanics, 2008(10), P10008.	Clinton, J., Jackman, S., & Rivers, D. (2004). The Statistical Analysis of Roll Call Data. American Political Science Review, 98(2), 355–370.
Alias	graph clustering, network partitioning, Topluluk Tespiti (Louvain, Girvan-Newman, Leiden)	Ideal point model, Item response theory for roll calls, Spatial voting model, Bayesian ideal points
Berkaitan	5	4
Ringkasan	Community detection is a family of graph-partitioning algorithms that discover densely connected sub-groups — communities — within a network. First formalised through the modularity measure by Girvan and Newman (2002), the field advanced rapidly with the Louvain method (Blondel et al., 2008), the Leiden refinement (Traag et al., 2019), and the information-theoretic Infomap approach. All variants answer the same question: which nodes cluster together more tightly among themselves than with the rest of the network?	Ideal point estimation recovers the latent policy positions — ideal points — of political actors from their observed binary choices, most often legislators' yea/nay votes on roll calls. Building on the spatial theory of voting and formalized as a Bayesian item-response model by Clinton, Jackman, and Rivers in 2004, it places each legislator and each bill in a low-dimensional policy space and estimates positions so that the probability a legislator votes yea increases as the bill's 'yea' outcome moves closer to that legislator's ideal point.