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| Skala Pendedahan Tempur (CES)× | Inventori Risiko dan Ketahanan Pengerahan (DRRI-2)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Ketenteraan | Psikologi Ketenteraan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1989 | 2006 |
| Pengasas≠ | Keane, Fairbank, Caddell, Zimering, Taylor, & Mora | King, King, Vogt, Knight, & Samper |
| Jenis | Self-report | Self-report |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Keane, T. M., Fairbank, J. A., Caddell, J. M., Zimering, R. T., Taylor, K. L., & Mora, C. A. (1989). Clinical evaluation of a measure to assess combat exposure. Psychological Assessment, 1(1), 53-55. DOI ↗ | King, D. W., King, L. A., Vogt, D. S., Knight, J., & Samper, R. E. (2006). Deployment Risk and Resilience Inventory: A collection of empirically derived factors for stress outcomes. Journal of Behavioral Decision Making, 19(2), 87-101. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | CES, Keane Combat Exposure Scale | DRRI, DRRI-2 |
| Berkaitan | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The CES is a 7-item self-report measure of combat exposure developed by Keane and colleagues in 1989. It quantifies the frequency and intensity of combat experiences, including direct fire, causalities witnessed, and hazardous mission environments. It is widely used in veteran research and clinical screening to characterize trauma load and risk for PTSD. | The DRRI-2 is a comprehensive self-report inventory measuring pre-deployment, deployment, and post-deployment risk and protective (resilience) factors influencing mental health outcomes in military personnel. Developed by King and colleagues in 2006 and refined in 2008, it captures contextual, behavioral, social, and psychological factors that shape post-deployment adjustment. It is used in military health surveillance, clinical formulation, and research examining how risk-resilience balance predicts PTSD and other adverse outcomes. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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