Bandingkan kaedah

	Temu Bual Telefon untuk Status Kognitif	Skala Kerapuhan FRAIL
Bidang	Gerontologi	Gerontologi
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1988	2012
Pengasas	J.C. Breitner	John E. Morley
Jenis	Telephone-administered cognitive interview	Clinician-administered questionnaire
Sumber perintis	Breitner, J. C., Folstein, M. F., & Murphy, E. A. (1989). Familial aggregation in Alzheimer dementia: comparison of risk estimates. Genet Epidemiol, 6(1), 35-45.	Morley, J. E., Vellas, B., van Kan, G. A., et al. (2013). Frailty consensus: a call to action. J Am Med Dir Assoc, 14(6), 392-397.
Alias	TICS, TICS-m, Modified Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status	FRAIL Scale, FRAIL Index
Berkaitan	5	5
Ringkasan	The Telephone Interview for Cognitive Status (TICS) is a telephone-administered cognitive screening instrument developed by Breitner and colleagues in the late 1980s and modified (TICS-m) to assess cognitive function in older adults via remote interview. Designed for epidemiological studies and clinical research where in-person assessment is impractical or resource-intensive, the TICS combines questions assessing orientation, attention, language, memory, and reasoning in a format suitable for administration by trained interviewers without specialized clinical equipment. It has become widely used in longitudinal cohort studies, clinical trials, and telemedicine settings for cognitive screening and monitoring.	The FRAIL Scale is a brief, five-item clinical screening tool developed by John E. Morley and colleagues to identify frailty in older adults. Designed as a simple and efficient alternative to more comprehensive frailty assessments, it incorporates the key domains of the frailty phenotype: fatigue, resistance, ambulation, illness, and weight loss. The FRAIL Scale is widely used in primary care, hospital, and long-term care settings to stratify risk and guide management decisions.