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| Eksperimen Makmal Rawak Kelompok× | Eksperimen Makmal× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Reka Bentuk Eksperimen | Reka Bentuk Eksperimen |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1990s (formalized; cluster randomization principles developed in 1970s-1980s) | 17th century (natural science); ~1879 onward (behavioral/social science) |
| Pengasas≠ | David M. Murray (group-randomized trial methodology); built on classical cluster sampling in experimental design | Francis Bacon, Robert Boyle (early scientific method); formalized in social science by Wilhelm Wundt (1879 psychology lab) and Ronald A. Fisher (20th-century design principles) |
| Jenis≠ | Controlled laboratory experiment with cluster-level randomization | Experimental quantitative design |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Murray, D. M. (1998). Design and Analysis of Group-Randomized Trials. Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195120363 | Shadish, W. R., Cook, T. D., & Campbell, D. T. (2002). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Generalized Causal Inference. Houghton Mifflin. ISBN: 978-0395615560 |
| Alias | cluster-randomized lab experiment, group-randomized laboratory study, cluster RCT laboratory variant, clustered lab trial | lab experiment, controlled experiment, true experiment, lab study |
| Berkaitan≠ | 6 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | A cluster randomized laboratory experiment assigns intact groups — such as lab sections, cohorts, or naturally formed teams — rather than individual participants, to experimental conditions. All participants within a cluster receive the same treatment. The design is used when individual randomization would cause contamination between conditions, while retaining the controlled environment of a laboratory setting. | A laboratory experiment is a research design in which the investigator systematically manipulates one or more independent variables under tightly controlled conditions, randomly assigns participants to conditions, and measures the effect on dependent variables. By maximizing internal control, the laboratory experiment is the gold standard for establishing cause-and-effect relationships. It is the backbone of experimental psychology, cognitive science, pharmacology, and many social sciences. |
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