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| Ujian Terkawal Rawak Berkelompok× | Ujian Terkawal Rawak (RCT)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Reka Bentuk Eksperimen | Reka Bentuk Eksperimen |
| Keluarga≠ | Process / pipeline | Hypothesis test |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1978–1980s | 1948 |
| Pengasas≠ | Cornfield (1978); systematised by Donner and colleagues (1980s) | James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948) |
| Jenis≠ | Experimental design | Interventional comparative study |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Donner, A., & Klar, N. (2000). Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold. ISBN: 978-0340652978 | Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | cluster RCT, group-randomized trial, community randomized trial, cluster-randomized experiment | RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı |
| Berkaitan≠ | 4 | 7 |
| Ringkasan≠ | A cluster randomized controlled trial (cluster RCT) is an experimental design in which intact social or organisational groups — such as schools, clinics, villages, or workplaces — are randomly assigned to treatment conditions rather than individual participants. Outcomes are still measured at the individual level, but the unit of randomization is the cluster. This design is essential when an intervention is delivered to whole groups, when there is a risk of contamination between participants in the same setting, or when individual randomization is logistically or ethically impractical. | A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010). |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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