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	Reka Bentuk Eksperimen Kumpulan Kawalan Rawak Berkelompok	Reka Bentuk Eksperimen Praujian-Pascaujian
Bidang	Reka Bentuk Eksperimen	Reka Bentuk Eksperimen
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1990s (formal methodology development)	1963 (formalized in Campbell & Stanley)
Pengasas	Murray, D. M.; Donner, A. and Klar, N. (systematic formalization)	Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley
Jenis	Experimental design	Experimental / quasi-experimental research design
Sumber perintis	Donner, A., & Klar, N. (2000). Design and Analysis of Cluster Randomization Trials in Health Research. Arnold. ISBN: 978-0340691533	Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally.
Alias	CRCT with control group, group-randomized trial, cluster RCT control group design, community randomized controlled trial	pretest-posttest design, before-after design, pre-post design, two-wave experimental design
Berkaitan	6	5
Ringkasan	A cluster randomized control group experimental design randomly assigns intact groups (clusters) — such as schools, clinics, or communities — rather than individuals to treatment or control conditions. At least one cluster group receives no active intervention, serving as the control. This design is essential when individual randomization is impractical or contamination between participants in close proximity is likely.	The pretest-posttest experimental design measures participants on the outcome variable before and after treatment, typically with random assignment to treatment and control groups. The difference between pre- and post-scores isolates the treatment effect from baseline variation, making this one of the most widely used frameworks in experimental and quasi-experimental research across education, psychology, medicine, and the social sciences.