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| Rantaian Bekalan Kitaran Tertutup× | Model SCOR× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Pengurusan Operasi | Pengurusan Operasi |
| Keluarga | Machine learning | Machine learning |
| Tahun asal≠ | 2003 | 1996 |
| Pengasas≠ | Guide, V. D. R., & Van Wassenhove, L. N. | Pittiglio, Rabin, Todd & McGrath |
| Jenis≠ | Supply chain strategy | Supply chain reference framework |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Guide, V. D. R., & Van Wassenhove, L. N. (2003). Business aspects of closed-loop supply chains. Pittsburgh: Carnegie Mellon University Press. link ↗ | Stewart, G. (1997). Supply chain operations reference model: SCOR, logistics information management, Vol. 10 No. 5, pp. 62-74. link ↗ |
| Alias≠ | reverse logistics, circular economy logistics | — |
| Berkaitan | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | A closed-loop supply chain (CLSC) integrates forward logistics (moving products to customers) with reverse logistics (recovering products, components, or materials from customers) to optimize resource recovery, reduce waste, and minimize environmental impact. Products flow forward for customer use, then flow backward for remanufacturing, refurbishment, recycling, or proper disposal. CLSC is driven by regulatory compliance (e.g., take-back laws), cost recovery, environmental responsibility, and increasingly, customer demand for sustainable business practices. | The Supply Chain Operations Reference Model is a standardized framework for supply chain management developed by the Supply Chain Council (now APICS) in 1996. SCOR provides a structured approach to identify, evaluate, and improve supply chain processes across organizations, regardless of industry. It integrates planning, sourcing, manufacturing, delivery, and returns into a coherent operational model. |
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