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| Citizen Report Card× | Participatory Poverty Assessment× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Development Studies | Development Studies |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 2002 | 2000 |
| Pengasas≠ | Samuel Paul and the Public Affairs Centre, Bangalore, India | World Bank (Deepa Narayan; Caroline Robb); building on Robert Chambers's participatory tradition |
| Jenis≠ | Sample-survey-based public-service feedback method | Participatory qualitative poverty analysis method |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Paul, S. (2002). Holding the State to Account: Citizen Monitoring in Action. Bangalore: Books for Change. ISBN: 9788187380474 | Narayan, D., Patel, R., Schafft, K., Rademacher, A., & Koch-Schulte, S. (2000). Voices of the Poor: Can Anyone Hear Us? New York: Oxford University Press for the World Bank. ISBN: 9780195216011 |
| Alias | CRC, Citizen Report Card Survey, Public Service Report Card, User Satisfaction Report Card | PPA, Participatory Poverty Study, Voices of the Poor Method, Participatory Poverty Diagnosis |
| Berkaitan | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Citizen Report Card (CRC) is a social-accountability method that uses a representative sample survey to gather systematic feedback from the users of public services, producing comparative 'report card' ratings of satisfaction, access, reliability, and corruption. Pioneered by Samuel Paul and the Public Affairs Centre in Bangalore, India, in the mid-1990s, it provides an aggregate, quantitative, citywide or regional measure of service quality — distinguishing it from the local, qualitative Community Scorecard — and uses public dissemination and media advocacy to pressure agencies to improve. | A Participatory Poverty Assessment (PPA) is an instrument for understanding poverty from the perspective of poor people themselves, using participatory methods to elicit their own definitions, experiences, and priorities rather than imposing externally fixed indicators. Pioneered by the World Bank in the 1990s and made famous by the multi-country 'Voices of the Poor' study, the PPA combines participatory rural appraisal tools with a deliberate concern to influence policy, complementing rather than replacing the quantitative household surveys on which official poverty measurement rests. |
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