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| Soal Selidik Trauma Kanak-Kanak× | Inventori Depresi Kanak-kanak× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikiatri Kanak-kanak | Psikiatri Kanak-kanak |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1994 | 1992 |
| Pengasas≠ | David Bernstein | Maria Kovacs |
| Jenis≠ | Self-report retrospective questionnaire | Self-report questionnaire |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Bernstein, D. P., Fink, L., Handelsman, L., Foote, J., Lovejoy, M., Ruggiero, D. F., . . . Rountree, J. (1994). Initial reliability and validity of a new retrospective measure of child abuse and neglect. American Journal of Psychiatry, 151(8), 1132–1136. DOI ↗ | Kovacs, M. (1992). Children's Depression Inventory: Technical Manual. Multi-Health Systems. ISBN: 978-1569220474 |
| Alias | CTQ, CTQ-SF | CDI, CDI-2 |
| Berkaitan | 3 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ) is a 28-item self-report measure assessing retrospective experiences of childhood abuse and neglect in adolescents and adults. Developed by David Bernstein and colleagues in 1994, the CTQ quantifies five types of maltreatment: physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, physical neglect, and emotional neglect. It is widely used in clinical, forensic, and research settings to understand the role of childhood trauma in adult mental health, substance use, trauma-related disorders, and risk factors for future violence. | The CDI is a self-report measure of depressive symptoms in children and adolescents ages 7–17 years. Developed by Maria Kovacs in 1992 and revised in 2011, it is the most widely used screening tool for childhood depression in clinical and research settings. It assesses mood, self-concept, and functional impairment through 27–28 items rated on a 0–2 scale. |
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