Bandingkan kaedah

	Skala Penilaian Psikiatri Ringkas (BPRS)	Indeks Keteguhan Insomnia (ISI)	Skala Sindrom Positif dan Negatif (PANSS)
Bidang	Psikiatri	Psikiatri	Psikiatri
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1962	2001	1987
Pengasas	John E. Overall	Charles M. Morin	Stanley R. Kay
Jenis	Clinician-administered rating scale	Self-report questionnaire	Clinician-administered rating scale
Sumber perintis	Overall, J. E., & Gorham, D. R. (1962). The Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale. Psychological Reports, 10(3), 799–812.	Morin, C. M., Belleville, G., Bélanger, L., & Ivers, H. (2011). The Insomnia Severity Index: Psychometric indicators to detect insomnia cases and evaluate treatment response. Sleep, 34(5), 601–608.	Kay, S. R., Fiszbein, A., & Opler, L. A. (1987). The positive and negative syndrome scale (PANSS) for schizophrenia. Schizophrenia Bulletin, 13(2), 261–276.
Alias	BPRS, BPRS-E (expanded 24-item version)	ISI	PANSS
Berkaitan	3	3	3
Ringkasan	The BPRS is an 18-item clinician-administered scale for rapid assessment of psychiatric symptom severity in psychotic and other major psychiatric disorders. Developed by Overall and Gorham in 1962, it remains widely used in clinical settings and research trials due to its brevity (administration 15–20 minutes), broad symptom coverage (psychotic, mood, and behavioral symptoms), and robust psychometric properties. The BPRS is particularly valued in acute psychiatry, inpatient units, and longitudinal monitoring where quick, repeated assessments are needed.	The ISI is a 7-item self-report questionnaire designed to assess the severity of insomnia in adolescents and adults. Developed by Morin and colleagues and validated in 2001, it measures difficulty falling asleep, difficulty staying asleep, early morning awakening, and daytime functional impairment due to sleep problems. The ISI is brief (2–3 minutes), psychometrically sound, and widely adopted in sleep research, primary care, and behavioral sleep medicine clinics for screening, baseline assessment, and treatment monitoring.	The PANSS is a 30-item clinician-administered scale designed to measure the presence and severity of positive symptoms (delusions, hallucinations, disorganization), negative symptoms (affective flattening, alogia, avolition), and general psychopathology in schizophrenia and related psychotic disorders. Developed by Kay, Fiszbein, and Opler in 1987, the PANSS has become the standard rating scale in schizophrenia research, antipsychotic medication trials, and clinical monitoring. It provides comprehensive assessment across three symptom domains and yields a total score reflecting overall disease severity.