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| Skala Sesak Napas, Batuk, dan Kahak× | Skala Dispnua MRC (Medical Research Council Dyspnoea Scale)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Pulmonologi | Pulmonologi |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 2007 | 1959 |
| Pengasas≠ | Multiple international authors (cardiopulmonary collaboration) | Medical Research Council (UK) |
| Jenis≠ | Self-report symptom scale | Clinician or self-rated ordinal scale |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Rohrmann, S., Anker, S. D., Coats, A. J., Hildebrandt, P., & Köhler, F. (2007). Prognostic relevance of respiratory symptoms in patients with systolic left ventricular dysfunction. American Heart Journal, 153(1), 42-50. link ↗ | Van Swieten, J. C., Koudstaal, P. J., Visser, M. C., Schouten, H. J., & van Gijn, J. (1988). Interobserver agreement for the assessment of handicap in stroke patients. Stroke, 19(5), 604-607. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | BCS, Breathlessness Cough Sputum | MRC, MRC Dyspnea, Modified Borg |
| Berkaitan | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The BCS is a brief, symptom-focused assessment tool measuring the frequency and severity of three cardinal respiratory symptoms: breathlessness (dyspnea), cough, and sputum production. Developed in cardiopulmonary research as a pragmatic measure of disease burden in chronic heart failure and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, the BCS provides rapid, patient-centered tracking of respiratory symptom trajectories. Unlike comprehensive quality-of-life questionnaires, the BCS concentrates solely on symptom phenotype, making it ideal for routine monitoring and longitudinal disease surveillance in busy clinical settings. | The MRC Dyspnoea Scale is a simple 5-grade ordinal classification of dyspnea severity based on the exertional threshold at which breathlessness limits activity. Developed by the UK Medical Research Council (MRC) in 1959, it remains one of the most widely used dyspnea assessments globally due to its brevity, ease of administration, and strong prognostic correlation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and other chronic respiratory diseases. The scale is used in clinical practice, epidemiological surveys, and longitudinal disease monitoring to grade symptom severity and guide treatment intensity. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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