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| Operator Boolean× | Strategi Carian Sistematik× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Kemahiran Penyelidikan | Kemahiran Penyelidikan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1847 (Boolean algebra); 1960s (database applications) | 1990s (formalized in Cochrane methodology) |
| Pengasas≠ | George Boole and IT information retrieval practitioners | Cochrane Collaboration and systematic review methodologists |
| Jenis≠ | Tool | Framework |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Wilkinson, M. D., Sansone, S. A., Vandervalk, B., & Rocca-Serra, P. (2011). Evaluating information retrieval systems: a guide for researchers. Expert Review of Molecular Diagnostics, 11(2), 181–190. link ↗ | Moher, D., Liberati, A., Tetzlaff, J., & Altman, D. G. (2009). Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses: The PRISMA statement. PLoS Medicine, 6(7), e1000097. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | Boolean logic, Boolean search, AND OR NOT | search protocol, systematic search, comprehensive search strategy |
| Berkaitan≠ | 2 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Boolean search operators are logical functions—AND, OR, NOT, and parentheses—used to combine and filter search terms in bibliographic databases, library catalogs, and search engines. Named after mathematician George Boole (1815–1864), Boolean logic has been applied to information retrieval since the 1960s. These operators allow researchers to construct complex, precise searches that retrieve only articles meeting specific combinations of criteria, dramatically improving search efficiency and reducing irrelevant results. | A systematic search strategy is a comprehensive, transparent protocol for retrieving all relevant literature addressing a well-defined research question. Developed by the Cochrane Collaboration and formalized in guidelines like PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses), systematic search strategies are essential for conducting unbiased literature reviews, systematic reviews, and meta-analyses. Unlike ad hoc searches (searching Google Scholar or PubMed without a protocol), systematic searches document every step—which databases were searched, what search terms were used, how many results were retrieved, and what inclusion/exclusion criteria were applied—enabling other researchers to reproduce the search and verify that no relevant studies were missed. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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