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| Model Portfolio Black-Litterman× | Model Portfolio Parisium (Sumbangan Risiko Sama)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Kewangan | Kewangan |
| Keluarga | Regression model | Regression model |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1992 | 2010 |
| Pengasas≠ | Fischer Black & Robert Litterman | Maillard, Roncalli & Teïletche (2010); popularised by Qian (2005) and Bridgewater All Weather |
| Jenis≠ | Bayesian portfolio allocation model | Portfolio weighting model (risk budgeting) |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Black, F. & Litterman, R. (1992). Global Portfolio Optimization. Financial Analysts Journal, 48(5), 28-43. DOI ↗ | Maillard, S., Roncalli, T. & Teïletche, J. (2010). The Properties of Equally Weighted Risk Contribution Portfolios. Journal of Portfolio Management, 36(4), 60–70. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | Black-Litterman, BL model, Black-Litterman Portföy Modeli | equal risk contribution, ERC portfolio, risk budgeting, All Weather strategy |
| Berkaitan≠ | 5 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Black-Litterman model, introduced by Fischer Black and Robert Litterman in 1992, is a Bayesian portfolio allocation framework that blends market-equilibrium returns with an investor's own views to produce more stable, intuitive portfolios. It was designed to cure the extreme concentration and input sensitivity of classical Markowitz mean-variance optimisation. | Risk parity is a portfolio weighting model, formalised by Maillard, Roncalli and Teïletche (2010), in which every asset contributes an equal share of the total portfolio risk. It needs only the covariance (risk) structure of the assets and no forecast of expected returns, and it underpins Bridgewater's All Weather strategy. |
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