Bandingkan kaedah

	Berrypicking Evaluation	Information Encountering Analysis
Bidang	Library Information Science	Library Information Science
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1989	1999
Pengasas	Marcia J. Bates	Sanda Erdelez
Jenis	Model and evaluative lens for evolving, non-linear online search	Conceptual framework and analysis of accidental information discovery
Sumber perintis	Bates, M. J. (1989). The design of browsing and berrypicking techniques for the online search interface. Online Review, 13(5), 407-424.	Erdelez, S. (1999). Information encountering: It's more than just bumping into information. Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science, 25(3), 26-29.
Alias	Berrypicking Model, Evolving Search Model, Bates Berrypicking, Berry-Picking Search	Information Encountering, Erdelez Information Encountering, Accidental Information Discovery, Incidental Information Acquisition Analysis
Berkaitan	3	3
Ringkasan	Marcia Bates's berrypicking model, introduced in her 1989 Online Review article 'The design of browsing and berrypicking techniques for the online search interface,' rejects the classic picture of information retrieval as a single query matched against a database to return one optimal set. Real searches, Bates argued, are evolving: the query shifts as the searcher learns, and useful information is gathered bit-at-a-time, like picking scattered berries, from many different sources using many different techniques. Used as an evaluative lens, the berrypicking model judges search systems and interfaces not by how well they answer one fixed query but by how well they support a continually changing need — letting searchers move fluidly among footnote chasing, citation searching, journal runs, area scans and subject searches as their understanding develops.	Information Encountering Analysis, developed by Sanda Erdelez and articulated in her 1999 Bulletin of the American Society for Information Science article 'Information encountering: It's more than just bumping into information,' studies how people acquire useful information by accident — while searching for something else, or while not searching at all. Against the dominant picture of information behaviour as goal-directed seeking, Erdelez foregrounds serendipitous, incidental discovery as a distinct and important mode. She models an encounter as a sequence of functional steps — noticing, stopping, examining, capturing and returning — and classifies people by how readily they encounter information, from non-encounterers to 'super-encounterers' who experience and exploit accidental discovery frequently. The framework gives a vocabulary and analytic structure for a phenomenon long dismissed as mere luck.