Bandingkan kaedah

	Model Hierarki Bayesian dengan Data Hilang	MCMC dengan Data Hilang
Bidang	Bayesian	Bayesian
Keluarga	Bayesian methods	Bayesian methods
Tahun asal	1990s–2000s	1987
Pengasas	Gelman, Rubin, Little (and collaborators)	Tanner & Wong (data augmentation); extended by Gelfand & Smith, Rubin
Jenis	Bayesian hierarchical model with missing-data integration	Bayesian computational method
Sumber perintis	Gelman, A., Carlin, J. B., Stern, H. S., Dunson, D. B., Vehtari, A. & Rubin, D. B. (2013). Bayesian Data Analysis (3rd ed.). CRC Press. ISBN: 978-1439840955	Little, R. J. A. & Rubin, D. B. (2002). Statistical Analysis with Missing Data (2nd ed.). Wiley. ISBN: 978-0471183860
Alias	BHM missing data, multilevel Bayesian missing data model, hierarchical Bayesian imputation, Bayesian multilevel model with incomplete data	MCMC missing data, data augmentation MCMC, Bayesian multiple imputation, MCMC imputation
Berkaitan	5	6
Ringkasan	A Bayesian hierarchical model with missing data treats unobserved values as additional unknowns and samples them jointly with all model parameters from the posterior. The nested structure of the hierarchy borrows strength across groups, while the Bayesian framework naturally propagates uncertainty from missingness through every estimate and prediction.	MCMC with missing data is a Bayesian computational strategy that treats unobserved values as additional unknown parameters. By alternating between sampling the missing values from their predictive distribution and sampling the model parameters from their posterior, the algorithm produces a valid joint posterior that fully accounts for uncertainty introduced by the missingness.