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	Proses Hierarki Analitik	Laluan Kos Terendah / Analisis Kos-Jarak	Teknik untuk Susunan Keutamaan mengikut Keserupaan dengan Penyelesaian Ideal
Bidang	Pembuatan Keputusan	Analisis Reruang	Pembuatan Keputusan
Keluarga	MCDM	Process / pipeline	MCDM
Tahun asal	1980	1994	1981
Pengasas	Saaty, T. L.	Edsger Dijkstra (shortest path); GIS cost-surface adaptation	Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K.
Jenis	Pairwise comparison (eigenvalue)	Raster cost-surface routing	Distance-based (compromise)
Sumber perintis	Saaty, T. L. (1980). The Analytic Hierarchy Process: Planning, Priority Setting, Resource Allocation. McGraw-Hill, New York ISBN: 978-0070543713	Dijkstra, E. W. (1959). A note on two problems in connexion with graphs. Numerische Mathematik, 1(1), 269–271.	Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. (1981). Multiple Attribute Decision Making: Methods and Applications — A State-of-the-Art Survey. Lecture Notes in Economics and Mathematical Systems, Vol. 186, Springer-Verlag
Alias	—	cost-distance analysis, accumulated cost surface, least-cost corridor, en düşük maliyetli yol	—
Berkaitan	8	3	8
Ringkasan	AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) is a weight subjective multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Saaty, T. L. in 1980. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.	Least-cost path analysis finds the route between two locations that minimizes accumulated travel cost across a landscape, rather than minimizing straight-line distance. By encoding terrain, slope, land cover, and other frictions into a cost surface and accumulating cost outward from a source, it identifies optimal corridors for roads, pipelines, trails, power lines, and wildlife movement — a core raster-GIS technique built on Dijkstra's shortest-path logic.	TOPSIS (Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution) is a ranking multi-criteria decision-making (MCDM) method introduced by Hwang, C. L., Yoon, K. in 1981. It turns a decision matrix of alternatives scored on multiple criteria into a structured, reproducible result.