Bandingkan kaedah

	Ujian Klinikal Rawak Adaptif	Ujian Klinikal Fasa II
Bidang	Epidemiologi	Epidemiologi
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	Late 1990s–2000s (widespread adoption post-2010)	1960s–1970s (formalised in US federal drug regulation)
Pengasas	Donald Berry and colleagues; formalized by FDA guidance in 2010 and 2019	U.S. Food and Drug Administration / ICH E8 guidelines (institutionalised framework)
Jenis	Experimental clinical trial design	Interventional clinical study design
Sumber perintis	Berry, D. A. (2006). Bayesian clinical trials. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 5(1), 27–36.	Friedman, L. M., Furberg, C. D., DeMets, D. L., Reboussin, D. M., & Granger, C. B. (2015). Fundamentals of Clinical Trials (5th ed.). Springer. ISBN: 978-3319185392
Alias	adaptive RCT, adaptive trial design, response-adaptive randomization trial, adaptive clinical trial	Phase 2 trial, Phase II study, early efficacy trial, proof-of-concept trial
Berkaitan	6	6
Ringkasan	An adaptive randomized clinical trial (adaptive RCT) is a prospective experimental study that uses pre-specified rules to modify one or more trial aspects — such as sample size, allocation ratios, or treatment arms — based on accumulating data collected during the trial itself, while maintaining statistical validity and integrity of the study.	A Phase II clinical trial is the second stage in the drug or intervention development pipeline, conducted after Phase I safety testing. Its primary goal is to assess whether the intervention shows preliminary efficacy signals in a relevant patient population at the dose established in Phase I, while continuing to characterise the safety and tolerability profile. Phase II trials are generally smaller than Phase III confirmatory trials and serve as critical go/no-go decision points before large-scale investment.