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| Penyelidikan Tindakan× | Analisis Kandungan× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang≠ | Penyelidikan Kualitatif | Kualitatif |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1946 | Systematised through Krippendorff's methodology work; 4th edition 2018 |
| Pengasas≠ | Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury | Klaus Krippendorff (systematic formulation); roots in early 20th-century communications research |
| Jenis≠ | Method | Qualitative / mixed-method research technique |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. DOI ↗ | Krippendorff, K. (2018). Content Analysis: An Introduction to Its Methodology (4th ed.). Sage. ISBN: 978-1506395661 |
| Alias | Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry | İçerik Analizi, systematic content coding, quantitative content analysis |
| Berkaitan≠ | 1 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement. | Content analysis is a systematic research technique for reducing text, visual, or media material into coded categories so that patterns can be counted, compared, and interpreted. Formalised by Klaus Krippendorff in his widely cited methodology textbook (latest edition 2018), the method sits at the boundary of qualitative and quantitative inquiry: it imposes structured, replicable coding on inherently meaning-laden material. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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