Bandingkan kaedah

	Accountability Mechanism Analysis	Co-Production Assessment
Bidang	Public Administration	Public Administration
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	2007	1996
Pengasas	Mark Bovens	Elinor Ostrom
Jenis	Conceptual accountability assessment framework	Service-relationship assessment framework
Sumber perintis	Bovens, M. (2007). Analysing and Assessing Accountability: A Conceptual Framework. European Law Journal, 13(4), 447–468.	Ostrom, E. (1996). Crossing the Great Divide: Coproduction, Synergy, and Development. World Development, 24(6), 1073–1087.
Alias	Accountability Assessment Framework, Bovens Accountability Analysis, Public Accountability Mechanism Analysis	Coproduction Analysis, Citizen Co-Production Assessment, Service Co-Production Evaluation
Berkaitan	4	4
Ringkasan	Accountability mechanism analysis provides a structured way to identify, describe and evaluate the relationships through which public actors must explain and justify their conduct to others. Mark Bovens, in his 2007 conceptual framework, defines accountability narrowly as a relationship in which an actor has an obligation to render an account of conduct to a forum that can pose questions, pass judgement, and impose consequences. The method first maps these relationships, then classifies them by the type of forum and obligation, and finally assesses them against political, constitutional and learning perspectives. Its purpose is to bring analytical precision to a concept that is otherwise used as a vague synonym for good governance.	Co-production assessment analyses how public services are produced jointly by professional providers and the citizens, clients or communities who use them, rather than delivered to passive recipients. The concept was developed by Elinor Ostrom and colleagues and sharpened in her 1996 article, which argued that the inputs of "regular producers" such as teachers, police or doctors and those of citizen "co-producers" are often complementary, so that neither can produce the service well alone. The framework assesses what citizens contribute, how their inputs combine with professional inputs, and the conditions under which this combination creates synergy. Its purpose is to identify and strengthen the joint production at the heart of many public services.