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	Reka Bentuk ABAB	Eksperimen Adaptif
Bidang	Reka Bentuk Eksperimen	Reka Bentuk Eksperimen
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1960s (Sidman 1960; Baer et al. 1968)	1940s–1970s (sequential foundations); formalised in clinical and behavioural research by 1980s–2000s
Pengasas	Murray Sidman; Baer, Wolf & Risley (applied behavior analysis formalization)	Abraham Wald (sequential analysis foundation); expanded by Robbins, Armitage, and others
Jenis	Single-subject experimental design	Experimental research design
Sumber perintis	Sidman, M. (1960). Tactics of Scientific Research: Evaluating Experimental Data in Psychology. Basic Books.	Chow, S. C., & Chang, M. (2008). Adaptive Design Methods in Clinical Trials. Chapman and Hall/CRC. ISBN: 978-1584886761
Alias	reversal design, withdrawal design, ABAB reversal, operant reversal design	adaptive design, response-adaptive randomization, adaptive trial, adaptive randomization
Berkaitan	4	5
Ringkasan	The ABAB design is a single-subject experimental methodology that establishes causal control by repeatedly introducing and removing an intervention. A baseline phase (A) is followed by an intervention phase (B), then a return to baseline (A), and a second intervention phase (B), allowing the researcher to demonstrate that observed behavior changes are produced by the intervention rather than by coincidental factors.	An adaptive experiment is an experimental design in which pre-specified rules allow the protocol to be modified — such as reallocating participants to better-performing arms, stopping early for efficacy or futility, or changing sample size — based on accumulating interim data, while maintaining statistical validity. Adaptive designs are widely used in clinical trials, behavioural economics, and online platform testing to improve efficiency and ethics without sacrificing inferential rigour.