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| Teknik Delphi Triangulasi× | Survei Triangulasi× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Metodologi Survei | Metodologi Survei |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | Delphi: 1963; triangulation integration: 1970s–1990s | 1978 (Denzin); widely operationalized in survey contexts from the 1990s onward |
| Pencetus≠ | Norman Dalkey & Olaf Helmer (Delphi); triangulation principle from Norman Denzin | Norman K. Denzin (triangulation concept); Alan Bryman (mixed-methods survey application) |
| Tipe≠ | Expert-consensus data collection with multi-method validation | Mixed-methods data collection design |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Dalkey, N., & Helmer, O. (1963). An experimental application of the Delphi method to the use of experts. Management Science, 9(3), 458–467. DOI ↗ | Denzin, N. K. (1978). The Research Act: A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods (2nd ed.). McGraw-Hill. link ↗ |
| Alias | Delphi with triangulation, mixed-method Delphi, multi-method Delphi, triangulation-enhanced Delphi | survey triangulation, multi-method survey, convergent survey design, cross-validated survey |
| Terkait | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Triangulated Delphi Technique combines the structured expert-consensus process of the classic Delphi method with deliberate triangulation — integrating data from at least one additional source or method (e.g., systematic literature review, interviews, survey data) to cross-validate findings and enhance the credibility of expert judgments. It retains the iterative, anonymous, multi-round panel format while embedding verification steps that reduce reliance on panel consensus alone. | A Triangulated Survey deliberately combines a structured survey instrument with at least one additional data source — such as interviews, focus groups, observation, or a second survey — so that findings from each source can be cross-validated against the others. Rooted in Denzin's concept of methodological triangulation, the design strengthens credibility by checking whether independent lines of evidence converge on the same conclusions. It is especially common in applied social, educational, and health research. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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