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| Skala Motivasi Olahraga (SMS)× | Task and Ego Orientation in Sport Questionnaire (TEOSQ)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Olahraga | Psikologi Olahraga |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1995 | 1992 |
| Pencetus≠ | Luc Pelletier, Marc Fortier, Robert Vallerand | Joan Duda, John Nicholls |
| Tipe≠ | Self-report sport motivation questionnaire | Self-report achievement goal orientation questionnaire |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Pelletier, L. G., Fortier, M. S., Vallerand, R. J., Tuson, K. M., Brière, N. M., & Blais, M. R. (1995). Toward a new measure of intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation, and amotivation in sports: The Sport Motivation Scale (SMS). Journal of Sport & Exercise Psychology, 17(1), 35–53. DOI ↗ | Duda, J. L., & Nicholls, J. G. (1992). Dimensions of achievement motivation in schoolwork and sport. Journal of Educational Psychology, 84(3), 290–299. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | SMS, SMS-6 | TEOSQ, Task Ego Orientation |
| Terkait | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The SMS is a 24–28 item questionnaire measuring the motivational reasons athletes engage in sport, organized along the continuum of Self-Determination Theory: from intrinsic motivation (inherent enjoyment, mastery, excitement) through extrinsic forms (identified goals, introjected norms, external rewards) to amotivation (lack of intent). Developed by Pelletier and colleagues in 1995, the SMS has become the leading instrument for assessing sport motivation quality and predicting athlete engagement, retention, and psychological wellbeing. | The TEOSQ is a 13-item questionnaire measuring achievement goal orientation in sport: the underlying reasons athletes define success and pursue achievement. Developed by Duda and Nicholls in 1992, the TEOSQ has become a cornerstone instrument for understanding athlete motivation, resilience, and response to failure. |
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