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| SODA – Strategic Options Development and Analysis via Cognitive Mapping× | Pendekatan Pilihan Strategis× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Penstrukturan Masalah | Penstrukturan Masalah |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1988 | 2005 |
| Pencetus≠ | Colin Eden | John Friend & Allen Hickling |
| Tipe≠ | Qualitative / participatory | Iterative group-based problem structuring and decision process |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Eden, C. (1988). Cognitive mapping. European Journal of Operational Research, 36(1), 1–13. DOI ↗ | Friend, J., & Hickling, A. (2005). Planning Under Pressure: The Strategic Choice Approach (3rd ed.). Elsevier. ISBN: 978-0-7506-6373-2 |
| Alias | Cognitive Mapping, Strategic Options Development and Analysis, SODA Method, Bilişsel Haritalama | SCA, Planning Under Pressure, Stratejik Seçim Yaklaşımı, Interactive Strategic Planning |
| Terkait≠ | 3 | 2 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Strategic Options Development and Analysis (SODA) is a facilitated, qualitative method for structuring complex organisational problems. Developed by Colin Eden in 1988, it uses cognitive maps — directed graphs of causal constructs — to capture and integrate the subjective views of multiple stakeholders. SODA is most valuable when decision makers face ill-defined, wicked problems where shared understanding must be built before any quantitative analysis can begin. | The Strategic Choice Approach (SCA) is an interactive, workshop-based problem structuring method developed by John Friend and Allen Hickling, first published in 1987 and refined in the definitive third edition of Planning Under Pressure (2005). SCA helps groups of planners and stakeholders manage interconnected decisions under uncertainty by explicitly mapping decision areas, option combinations, and sources of uncertainty before committing to action. |
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