Bandingkan metode

	Rock Mass Rating (RMR)	Q-System
Bidang	Teknik Pertambangan	Teknik Pertambangan
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1973	1974
Pencetus	Zbigniew T. Bieniawski	Nick Barton (Norwegian Geotechnical Institute)
Tipe	Empirical classification for geotechnical engineering	Empirical index for tunnel support and stability prediction
Sumber perintis	Bieniawski, Z. T. (1989). Engineering rock mass classifications. John Wiley & Sons. ISBN: 978-0-471-60437-4	Barton, N., Lien, R., & Lunde, J. (1974). Engineering classification of rock masses for the design of tunnel support. Rock Mechanics, 6(4), 189-236.
Alias	RMR, Bieniawski Classification, RMR89	Q Index, Norwegian Geotechnical Institute Classification, Barton System
Terkait	3	3
Ringkasan	The Rock Mass Rating (RMR) system, developed by Zbigniew Bieniawski starting in 1973, is an empirical classification that characterizes rock mass quality and estimates mining and civil engineering behavior. RMR combines five measurable geotechnical parameters into a single index ranging from 0 to 100, where higher values indicate stronger, more stable rock masses. It is the most widely used rock classification system worldwide for underground mining design.	The Q-System (NGI Index), introduced by Nick Barton and colleagues at the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute in 1974, is an alternative rock mass classification to RMR. It combines six parameters into a dimensionless index Q ranging from 0.001 to 1000, where higher Q values indicate better rock quality. The Q-System is particularly valued for tunnel and underground excavation design due to its explicit consideration of joint roughness and groundwater effects.