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| Risk-Needs Assessment× | Static-99 Assessment× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Criminology | Criminology |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1990 | 2000 |
| Pencetus≠ | Donald A. Andrews & James Bonta | R. Karl Hanson & David Thornton |
| Tipe≠ | Structured offender risk/needs assessment framework | Actuarial sexual recidivism risk instrument |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Andrews, D. A., & Bonta, J. (2010). The Psychology of Criminal Conduct (5th ed.). Routledge/Anderson. ISBN: 9781422463291 | Hanson, R. K., & Thornton, D. (2000). Improving risk assessments for sex offenders: A comparison of three actuarial scales. Law and Human Behavior, 24(1), 119–136. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | RNR Assessment, Risk-Need-Responsivity Model, Risk/Needs Assessment, Criminogenic Needs Assessment | Static-99, Static-99R, Static 99, Static-99 Sexual Recidivism Risk Tool |
| Terkait | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Risk-Need-Responsivity (RNR) assessment is the dominant framework for structured assessment of justice-involved people, scoring an offender's criminogenic risk and needs to decide who receives intervention, what should be targeted, and how it should be delivered. Formulated by Donald Andrews and James Bonta, it organizes the strongest predictors of reoffending into the 'Central Eight' and converts them into a total risk score that guides the intensity of correctional supervision and treatment. | Static-99, and its age-revised form Static-99R, is the most widely used actuarial instrument for estimating sexual and violent recidivism risk among adult male sexual offenders. It scores ten unchanging, historical risk factors into a total that maps onto a risk category and, via published norm tables, an estimated probability of reoffending — providing a standardized, evidence-based anchor for forensic risk decisions. |
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