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| Studi Kohort yang Disesuaikan Risiko× | Uji Coba Terkendali Acak (RCT)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang≠ | Epidemiologi | Desain Eksperimen |
| Keluarga≠ | Process / pipeline | Hypothesis test |
| Tahun asal≠ | Mid–late 20th century (risk-adjusted cohort designs systematized by 1970s–1990s) | 1948 |
| Pencetus≠ | Evolution of cohort study methodology; risk adjustment formalized through work of Rothman, Greenland, and others in epidemiology, 20th century | James Lind (early precursor, 1747); modern formulation: Austin Bradford Hill & Medical Research Council (1948) |
| Tipe≠ | Observational epidemiological study design with statistical confounding control | Interventional comparative study |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 | Schulz, K.F., Altman, D.G., Moher, D., for the CONSORT Group (2010). CONSORT 2010 Statement: Updated Guidelines for Reporting Parallel Group Randomised Trials. BMJ, 340, c332. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | adjusted cohort study, covariate-adjusted cohort, risk-controlled prospective study, propensity-adjusted cohort | RCT, randomised controlled trial, clinical trial, Randomize Kontrollü Çalışma (RCT) Tasarımı |
| Terkait≠ | 4 | 7 |
| Ringkasan≠ | A risk-adjusted cohort study is an observational epidemiological design in which a defined group of individuals is followed over time to compare outcomes between exposed and unexposed subgroups, with statistical methods applied to control for measured confounders. Adjustment strategies — including multivariable regression, propensity score matching, inverse probability weighting, or standardization — are used to reduce bias and produce effect estimates that more closely approximate what would be observed in a randomized trial. | A randomized controlled trial (RCT) is the gold standard experimental design in clinical and health research, in which participants are randomly allocated to a treatment group or a control group so that the effect of an intervention can be measured with the highest possible degree of internal validity. The modern parallel-group RCT was formalized by Austin Bradford Hill and the Medical Research Council in their landmark streptomycin trial of 1948, and its reporting is governed today by the CONSORT 2010 guidelines (Schulz et al., 2010). |
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