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| Studi Epidemiologi Retrospektif Potongan Lintang× | Studi Ekologi× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Epidemiologi | Epidemiologi |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | Mid–late 20th century | 19th century (Snow 1854); formalised mid-20th century |
| Pencetus≠ | Epidemiology tradition (formalized in mid-20th century; Rothman, Greenland and others) | Various; foundational work by John Snow (1854) and systematised in modern form by Brian MacMahon and colleagues |
| Tipe≠ | Observational study design | Observational epidemiological study |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Rothman, K. J., Greenland, S., & Lash, T. L. (2008). Modern Epidemiology (3rd ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. ISBN: 978-0781755641 | Morgenstern, H. (1995). Ecologic studies in epidemiology: concepts, principles, and methods. Annual Review of Public Health, 16(1), 61–81. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | retrospective cross-sectional survey, record-based cross-sectional study, retrospective prevalence study, secondary-data cross-sectional study | aggregate study, correlational study, ecological correlation study, population-level study |
| Terkait | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | A retrospective cross-sectional epidemiological study measures the prevalence of exposures and outcomes at a single analytical time point using data that were originally recorded in the past — such as medical records, administrative databases, or disease registries. It combines the snapshot logic of a cross-sectional design with the efficiency of retrospective data access, making it a practical choice when prospective data collection is unfeasible or when large existing datasets are available. | An ecological study is an observational epidemiological design in which the unit of analysis is a group or population — a country, region, city, or time period — rather than an individual. Exposures and outcomes are measured as aggregates (rates, proportions, or means) and then correlated across groups to generate or evaluate hypotheses about population-level associations between risk factors and disease. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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