Bandingkan metode

	PTSD Checklist	Skala Paparan Tempur (CES)
Bidang	Psikologi Militer	Psikologi Militer
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1993	1989
Pencetus	Weathers, Litz, Herman, Huska, & Keane	Keane, Fairbank, Caddell, Zimering, Taylor, & Mora
Tipe	Self-report	Self-report
Sumber perintis	Weathers, F. W., Litz, B. T., Herman, D. S., Huska, J. A., & Keane, T. M. (1993). The PTSD Checklist (PCL): Reliability and diagnostic utility. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 6(4), 1-6.	Keane, T. M., Fairbank, J. A., Caddell, J. M., Zimering, R. T., Taylor, K. L., & Mora, C. A. (1989). Clinical evaluation of a measure to assess combat exposure. Psychological Assessment, 1(1), 53-55.
Alias	PCL-M, PCL-Military	CES, Keane Combat Exposure Scale
Terkait	4	4
Ringkasan	The PCL-M is a 17-item self-report inventory measuring PTSD symptom severity in military personnel. Developed by Weathers and colleagues in 1993, it directly corresponds to DSM-IV diagnostic criteria. It is widely used in military, veteran, and trauma-exposed populations for screening and monitoring treatment response.	The CES is a 7-item self-report measure of combat exposure developed by Keane and colleagues in 1989. It quantifies the frequency and intensity of combat experiences, including direct fire, causalities witnessed, and hazardous mission environments. It is widely used in veteran research and clinical screening to characterize trauma load and risk for PTSD.