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| Skala Katastrofisasi Nyeri× | Kuesioner Efikasi Diri Nyeri× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Kedokteran Nyeri | Kedokteran Nyeri |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1995 | 1989 |
| Pencetus≠ | Michael J. Sullivan and Steven R. Bishop | Michael K. Nicholas |
| Tipe≠ | Self-report questionnaire measuring catastrophic thinking about pain | Self-report questionnaire measuring self-efficacy beliefs about managing chronic pain |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Sullivan, M.J., Bishop, S.R., & Pivik, J. (1995). The Pain Catastrophizing Scale: Development and validation. Psychological Assessment, 7(4), 524-532. DOI ↗ | Nicholas, M.K. (1989). Self-efficacy and chronic pain. The American Psychological Association Annual Convention, New Orleans, LA. link ↗ |
| Alias | PCS, Catastrophizing Scale | PSEQ, Self-Efficacy Questionnaire |
| Terkait | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS) is a 13-item self-report questionnaire developed by Sullivan, Bishop, and Pivik in 1995 to measure catastrophic thinking about pain—the tendency to magnify pain threat, ruminate about pain, and feel helpless in response to pain. Elevated catastrophizing predicts worse pain outcomes and is a key treatment target in cognitive-behavioral pain management. | The Pain Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (PSEQ) is a 10-item self-report instrument developed by Nicholas in 1989 to measure self-efficacy beliefs—a person's confidence in their ability to manage pain and function despite pain. Higher PSEQ scores predict better pain outcomes, less disability, and greater treatment success, making it a key measure in pain rehabilitation and psychological intervention research. |
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