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| Observasi Partisipan Daring× | Observasi Non-partisipan Daring× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Metodologi Survei | Metodologi Survei |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal | Late 1990s–2000s | Late 1990s–2000s |
| Pencetus≠ | Christine Hine (virtual ethnography); Robert Kozinets (netnography) | Christine Hine; Robert Kozinets (digital/online adaptation) |
| Tipe≠ | Qualitative data collection method | Qualitative data collection technique |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Hine, C. (2000). Virtual Ethnography. SAGE Publications. ISBN: 978-0761958956 | Kozinets, R. V. (2010). Netnography: Doing Ethnographic Research Online. Sage. ISBN: 978-1847875228 |
| Alias | virtual participant observation, digital ethnographic observation, cyber participant observation, internet participant observation | digital non-participant observation, passive online observation, covert online observation, online unobtrusive observation |
| Terkait≠ | 5 | 6 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Online participant observation is a qualitative data collection method in which the researcher enters a digital community or online environment — forums, social media groups, multiplayer games, virtual workplaces — both as a participant and as an observer, systematically documenting social interactions, practices, and meanings as they naturally unfold in the digital space. | Online non-participant observation is a qualitative data collection technique in which the researcher watches and records naturally occurring behaviour in digital settings — forums, social media platforms, chat groups, comment sections, or online communities — without joining, interacting with, or disclosing their presence to participants. The approach transplants the classical non-participant observation tradition into internet-mediated spaces, enabling study of authentic discourse and interaction as it unfolds organically. |
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