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| Model Gabungan Laut-Atmosfer× | Indeks Curah Hujan Terstandar× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Geofisika | Geofisika |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1975 | 1993 |
| Pencetus≠ | Syukuro Manabe, Kirk Bryan, and others | Thomas McKee, Neil Doesken, and John Kleist |
| Tipe≠ | Coupled atmosphere-ocean climate system simulation | Probabilistic drought indicator |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Manabe, S., Bryan, K., & Spelman, M. J. (1975). A global ocean-atmosphere climate model with seasonal variation for future studies of climate sensitivity. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 5(1), 3-29. link ↗ | McKee, T. B., Doesken, N. J., & Kleist, J. (1993). The relationship of drought frequency and duration to time scales. Proceedings of the Eighth Conference on Applied Climatology, 179-184. link ↗ |
| Alias | AOGCM | SPI |
| Terkait | 3 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | An Ocean-Atmosphere Coupled Model (AOGCM) is a comprehensive climate simulation that couples dynamic general circulation models of the atmosphere and ocean with explicit exchange of heat, momentum, and moisture at the interface. Developed by Manabe, Bryan, and colleagues in the 1970s, coupled models are essential for simulating climate change, ocean circulation changes, and climate-ocean interactions over decadal to centennial timescales. | The Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI) is a climate index that quantifies precipitation anomalies relative to historical norms, standardized to account for differences in precipitation climatology across regions. Introduced by McKee, Doesken, and Kleist in 1993, SPI has become a primary tool for drought detection and characterization, adopted by meteorological agencies worldwide for operational drought monitoring and early warning systems. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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