Bandingkan metode

	Kuesioner Ketangguhan Mental (MTQ48)	Inventaris Kecemasan Kompetitif-2 (CSAI-2)
Bidang	Psikologi Olahraga	Psikologi Olahraga
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	2002	1990
Pencetus	Peter Clough, Keith Earle, David Sewell	Rainer Martens, Robin Vealey, Damon Burton
Tipe	Self-report mental toughness and resilience questionnaire	Self-report state anxiety questionnaire
Sumber perintis	Clough, P. J., Earle, K., & Sewell, D. (2002). Mental toughness: A definition and measured construct. Journal of Applied Sport Psychology, 14(3), 169–187.	Martens, R., Vealey, R. S., Burton, D., Bump, L. A., & Smith, D. E. (1990). Development and validation of the Competitive State Anxiety Inventory-2. In R. Martens, R. S. Vealey, & D. Burton (Eds.), Competitive Anxiety in Sport (pp. 193–218). Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics.
Alias	MTQ48, Mental Toughness, 4Cs	CSAI-2, Competitive State Anxiety
Terkait	4	4
Ringkasan	The MTQ48 is a 48-item instrument measuring mental toughness—the capacity to perform well under pressure, persist through adversity, maintain emotional control, and sustain commitment toward goals. Developed by Clough, Earle, and Sewell in 2002, the MTQ48 operationalizes mental toughness across four dimensions (the '4Cs': Control, Commitment, Challenge, and Confidence) and has become widely adopted in sport psychology, talent development, and organizational psychology for identifying and developing psychological resilience.	The CSAI-2 is a 27-item instrument measuring three dimensions of state anxiety in sport: cognitive anxiety (worry), somatic anxiety (physiological arousal), and self-confidence. Developed by Martens and colleagues in 1990, it has become the gold standard for assessing pre-competition psychological state and is widely used in sport psychology research, coaching, and athlete support.