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| Longitudinal Survey× | Metode Jurnal× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Metodologi Survei | Metodologi Survei |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1940s (panel survey tradition); longitudinal designs codified mid-20th century | 1920s–1940s (systematised by Allport, 1942) |
| Pencetus≠ | Established tradition; formalized in social science by Paul Lazarsfeld and colleagues (1940s panel studies) | Gordon Allport (systematic social-science use); Nels Anderson (early fieldwork diaries) |
| Tipe≠ | Quantitative / mixed-methods survey design | Qualitative / mixed-methods data-collection technique |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Menard, S. (2002). Longitudinal Research (2nd ed.). Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0761922292 | Alaszewski, A. (2006). Using Diaries for Social Research. Sage. ISBN: 978-0761941415 |
| Alias | panel survey, repeated-measures survey, longitudinal panel study, wave survey | diary study, diary technique, self-report diary, daily diary method |
| Terkait≠ | 3 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | A longitudinal survey collects structured questionnaire data from the same individuals or units at two or more distinct points in time. By tracking the same respondents across waves, researchers can distinguish genuine change from stable individual differences, establish temporal ordering between variables, and model trajectories of attitudes, behaviors, or outcomes in ways that a single cross-sectional snapshot cannot support. | The diary method is a data-collection technique in which participants record their thoughts, behaviours, events, or experiences in their own words at regular or event-contingent intervals over a defined study period. By capturing data close in time to the event, diaries reduce retrospective recall bias and give researchers access to the texture of everyday life as it unfolds — something one-off surveys and retrospective interviews cannot provide. |
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