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| Studi Kasus Instrumental× | Penelitian Tindakan× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang≠ | Kualitatif | Penelitian Kualitatif |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1995 | 1946 |
| Pencetus≠ | Robert E. Stake | Kurt Lewin; expanded by Kemmis, McTaggart, Reason & Bradbury |
| Tipe≠ | Qualitative research method | Method |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Stake, R. E. (1995). The Art of Case Study Research. Sage Publications. ISBN: 978-0803957671 | Lewin, K. (1946). Action research and minority problems. Journal of Social Issues, 2(4), 34–46. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | instrumental case research, theory-building case study, illustrative case study, issue-driven case study | Participatory Action Research, PAR, Collaborative Inquiry |
| Terkait≠ | 6 | 1 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Instrumental case study is a qualitative research design, formalised by Robert E. Stake (1995), in which a specific case is studied primarily to gain insight into an external issue or theoretical question — not because the case itself is intrinsically important. The case serves as an instrument for understanding something broader: a policy problem, a theoretical proposition, or a generalised phenomenon. One or several cases are selected because they are expected to illuminate the issue particularly well, and the researcher moves fluidly between the case and the issue throughout the study. | Action research is a collaborative research methodology in which researchers work with practitioners and community members to investigate a problem, implement change, and evaluate outcomes, cycling through reflection, action, and learning. Developed by Kurt Lewin (1946), action research bridges research and practice, aiming simultaneously to produce knowledge and practical improvement. |
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