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| Skala Penilaian Kecemasan Hamilton (HAM-A)× | Skala Afek Positif dan Negatif (PANAS)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Klinis | Psikologi Klinis |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1959 | 1988 |
| Pencetus≠ | Max Hamilton | David Watson, Lee Anna Clark, and Auke Tellegen |
| Tipe≠ | Clinician-administered anxiety assessment | Mood and affect self-assessment |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32(1), 50-55. DOI ↗ | Watson, D., Clark, L. A., & Tellegen, A. (1988). Development and validation of brief measures of positive and negative affect: The PANAS scales. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 54(6), 1063-1070. DOI ↗ |
| Alias | HAM-A, HARS | PANAS, PANAS-X |
| Terkait | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a clinician-administered assessment tool for quantifying the severity of anxiety symptoms in adults. Developed by Max Hamilton in 1959, it remains one of the most widely used instruments for evaluating anxiety in clinical and research settings. The scale measures both psychological and somatic manifestations of anxiety across 14 items. | The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is a brief, efficient self-report measure of mood and emotional affect. Developed by Watson, Clark, and Tellegen in 1988, it assesses two independent dimensions: positive affect (enthusiasm, attentiveness, interest) and negative affect (distress, anxiety, anger). The 20-item standard version is one of the most widely used instruments for measuring emotion in research and clinical contexts. |
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