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| Tes Fagerström untuk Ketergantungan Nikotin× | Inventaris Nyeri Singkat× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Layanan Kesehatan | Layanan Kesehatan |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1991 | 1994 |
| Pencetus≠ | Karl O. Fagerstrom | Charles S. Cleeland and Kathryn M. Ryan |
| Tipe≠ | Six-item nicotine dependence screening | Pain severity and interference measurement |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Heatherton, T. F., Kozlowski, L. T., Frecker, R. C., & Fagerstrom, K. O. (1991). The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence: a revision of the Fagerstrom Tolerance Questionnaire. British Journal of Addiction, 86(9), 1119-1127. DOI ↗ | Cleeland, C. S., & Ryan, K. M. (1994). Pain assessment: global use of the Brief Pain Inventory. Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore, 23(2), 129-138. link ↗ |
| Alias | FTND, Fagerstrom Test | BPI, BPI-SF |
| Terkait | 3 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) is a brief, validated self-report instrument originally developed by Fagerstrom in 1978 and revised by Heatherton and colleagues in 1991 to quantify the severity of nicotine dependence in cigarette smokers. The FTND comprises six items assessing morning cigarette use, daily cigarette consumption, and the subjective difficulty of abstaining from smoking. It is the most widely used measure of nicotine dependence in smoking cessation research and clinical practice. | The Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) is a concise, validated self-report instrument developed by Cleeland and Ryan beginning in 1994 to measure the severity and functional impact of pain in patients with cancer and chronic pain conditions. The BPI-Short Form comprises 11 items assessing pain severity and interference with daily activities, enabling rapid multidimensional pain assessment across diverse clinical populations. |
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