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| Skala Kesejahteraan Eksistensial (EWB)× | Systems of Belief Inventory (SBI)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Agama | Psikologi Agama |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1982 | 2011 |
| Pencetus≠ | Raymond F. Paloutzian & Craig W. Ellison | James M. Holland, Jill M. Currier, & Robert A. Neimeyer |
| Tipe | Self-report | Self-report |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Paloutzian, R. F., & Ellison, C. W. (1982). Loneliness, spiritual well-being, and the quality of life. In L. A. Peplau & D. Perlman (Eds.), Loneliness: A Sourcebook of Current Theory, Research and Therapy (pp. 224–237). Wiley. ISBN: 9780471084846. link ↗ | Holland, J. M., Currier, J. M., & Neimeyer, R. A. (2011). The Systems of Belief Inventory: Factor structure and association with psychosocial outcome in bereavement. Psychological Assessment, 23(2), 311–321. link ↗ |
| Alias | EWB, Existential Well-Being | SBI, SBI-15 |
| Terkait | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Existential Well-Being Scale (EWB), developed by Paloutzian and Ellison in 1982, is a 10-item self-report measure of existential meaning and well-being: the sense that one's life has purpose, direction, and intrinsic value. Derived from the larger Spiritual Well-Being Scale (which includes religious well-being), the EWB focuses on the secular dimension of well-being—not faith or religious conviction, but existential satisfaction and sense of purpose. It has become widely used in psychology and health research to assess meaning, life satisfaction, and resilience factors protective against depression, anxiety, and suicide. | The Systems of Belief Inventory (SBI), developed by Holland, Currier, and Neimeyer in 2011, is a 15-item self-report measure designed to assess the coherence, flexibility, and adaptive function of an individual's worldview and meaning-making system. Originally validated in bereavement research, the SBI captures dimensions of spiritual and existential belief that predict psychological adjustment following loss or trauma. It measures three key aspects: existential meaning-making, negative religious coping, and hope. The scale is useful in grief counseling, trauma recovery, and any clinical context where worldview disruption occurs. |
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