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| Ecological Inference× | Survey Experiment× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Political Science | Political Science |
| Keluarga≠ | Regression model | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1997 | 2011 |
| Pencetus≠ | Leo Goodman (ecological regression); Gary King (statistical EI solution) | Experimental political science; synthesized by Diana Mutz |
| Tipe≠ | Aggregate-data model inferring individual-level rates from grouped totals | Randomized experiment embedded in a survey |
| Sumber perintis≠ | King, G. (1997). A Solution to the Ecological Inference Problem: Reconstructing Individual Behavior from Aggregate Data. Princeton: Princeton University Press. ISBN: 9780691012414 | Mutz, D. C. (2011). Population-Based Survey Experiments. Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press. ISBN: 9780691144528 |
| Alias | EI, Ecological regression, King's ecological inference, Aggregate-to-individual inference | Population-based survey experiment, Survey-embedded experiment, Question-wording experiment, Framing experiment |
| Terkait≠ | 5 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | Ecological inference is the problem of learning about individual behavior — such as how Black and white voters cast their ballots — when only aggregate data are available, like precinct-level turnout and racial composition. Because individual-level data are missing, the within-group rates are not directly observed; ecological inference recovers them by combining the deterministic accounting constraints that each precinct must satisfy with a statistical model of how the unobserved rates vary across precincts. Gary King's 1997 solution unified the deterministic method of bounds with Leo Goodman's classic ecological regression, sharply reducing the long-standing risk of the ecological fallacy. | A survey experiment embeds a randomized experiment inside a survey: respondents are randomly assigned to different versions of a question, frame, or stimulus, and their answers are compared to estimate a causal effect. By combining the internal validity of randomization with the representative samples and rich measurement of survey research, survey experiments — especially population-based ones — let political scientists draw causal inferences about how information, framing, or message attributes shape public attitudes and behavior. |
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