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| Skala Depresi Kecemasan Stres-21 (DASS-21)× | Skala Depresi Studi Epidemiologi (CES-D)× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Klinis | Psikologi Klinis |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1995 | 1977 |
| Pencetus≠ | Stephen H. Lovibond and Peter F. Lovibond | Lenore Sawyer Radloff |
| Tipe≠ | Three-dimensional mental health screening | Community-based depression assessment |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Lovibond, S. H., & Lovibond, P. F. (1995). Manual for the Depression Anxiety Stress Scales. Psychology Foundation of Australia. link ↗ | Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | DASS-21, DASS, DASS-42 | CES-D, CESD |
| Terkait | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Depression Anxiety Stress Scales-21 (DASS-21) is a 21-item self-report instrument measuring three correlated but distinct dimensions of psychological distress: depression, anxiety, and stress. Developed by Lovibond and Lovibond in 1995, the DASS-21 is a short form of the original 42-item DASS. It has become widely used in research and clinical settings for its brevity, multidimensional structure, and strong psychometric properties. | The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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