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| Desain Survei Relasional Komparatif× | Survei Relasional× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Desain Penelitian | Desain Penelitian |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | Mid-20th century onward; systematized in educational research c. 1960s–1990s | Mid-20th century onward (systematised ~1960s–1990s) |
| Pencetus≠ | Rooted in survey methodology tradition; formalized by scholars such as Fraenkel, Wallen, and Creswell | Established in educational and social science research methodology; systematised by Fraenkel & Wallen and others |
| Tipe | Quantitative non-experimental survey design | Quantitative non-experimental survey design |
| Sumber perintis | Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2009). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 978-0073525 670 | Fraenkel, J. R., Wallen, N. E., & Hyun, H. H. (2009). How to Design and Evaluate Research in Education (8th ed.). McGraw-Hill. ISBN: 978-0073525748 |
| Alias≠ | comparative correlational survey, multi-group relational survey, cross-group relational survey design | correlational survey, associational survey, relationship survey design, relational descriptive survey |
| Terkait | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | A comparative relational survey is a quantitative, non-experimental design that examines the relationships among variables within a single study while simultaneously comparing those relationship patterns across two or more distinct groups. It extends a standard relational (correlational) survey by adding a comparative dimension, revealing whether associations observed in one group hold, differ, or even reverse in another. It is widely used in education, psychology, organizational behavior, and health sciences. | Relational survey research is a quantitative, non-experimental design that gathers structured self-report data from a sample and examines the statistical associations among two or more variables. Unlike purely descriptive surveys, which only characterise distributions, relational surveys ask whether and how strongly variables co-vary — providing evidence of relationships without manipulating conditions or establishing causation. |
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