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| Desain Studi Kohort× | Desain Studi Potong Lintang× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Penelitian Klinis | Penelitian Klinis |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1970s-1980s | 1950s-1970s |
| Pencetus≠ | Donald Acheson, Olli Miettinen, and others in modern epidemiology | Epidemiologists in the mid-20th century; formalized by Kelsey, Rothman, and others |
| Tipe | Research Design | Research Design |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Miettinen, O. S. (1976). Estimability and estimation in case-referent studies. American Journal of Epidemiology, 103(2), 226–235. DOI ↗ | Kelsey, J. L., Whittemore, A. S., Evans, A. S., & Thompson, W. D. (1996). Methods in Observational Epidemiology (2nd ed.). Oxford University Press. ISBN: 978-0195083299 |
| Alias | prospective study, follow-up study, longitudinal study, cohort study | prevalence study, cross-sectional survey, snapshot study, survey design |
| Terkait | 2 | 2 |
| Ringkasan≠ | A cohort study follows a group of individuals forward in time from exposure to outcome. Exposed and unexposed participants (or participants with differing exposure levels) are enrolled at baseline, characterized, and observed prospectively until the outcome occurs or the study ends. Cohort studies are fundamental to epidemiology and are the design of choice for establishing causal associations when randomized trials are infeasible or unethical. | A cross-sectional study (or prevalence study) measures exposure and outcome simultaneously at a single point in time, producing a 'snapshot' of a population. Respondents are recruited and surveyed (or examined) on the same occasion, capturing current prevalence of both exposure and disease. Cross-sectional studies are simple, quick, and inexpensive, making them popular for needs assessments, surveillance, and generating hypotheses—though they cannot establish causality due to lack of temporal sequence. |
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