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| Desain Solomon Empat Kelompok Teracak Klaster× | Desain Eksperimental Pretest-Posttest× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Desain Eksperimen | Desain Eksperimen |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1949 (Solomon design); cluster extension formalized in 1990s | 1963 (formalized in Campbell & Stanley) |
| Pencetus≠ | Richard L. Solomon (four-group logic, 1949); cluster randomization methods developed by Murray and colleagues in the 1990s | Donald T. Campbell and Julian C. Stanley |
| Tipe≠ | Experimental design | Experimental / quasi-experimental research design |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Solomon, R. L. (1949). An extension of control group design. Psychological Bulletin, 46(2), 137–150. DOI ↗ | Campbell, D. T., & Stanley, J. C. (1963). Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs for Research. Rand McNally. link ↗ |
| Alias | CR-S4GD, cluster-randomized four-group design, group-randomized Solomon design, Solomon four-group cluster trial | pretest-posttest design, before-after design, pre-post design, two-wave experimental design |
| Terkait≠ | 6 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The cluster randomized Solomon four-group design combines cluster randomization — assigning intact groups such as schools, clinics, or communities to conditions — with the Solomon four-group structure that isolates the effect of pretesting. Four clusters (or sets of clusters) are created: two receive the treatment and two serve as controls, with only one treatment cluster and one control cluster receiving a pretest, while the others go straight to the posttest. This structure simultaneously controls for pretest sensitization and the logistical constraint that individual randomization is infeasible. | The pretest-posttest experimental design measures participants on the outcome variable before and after treatment, typically with random assignment to treatment and control groups. The difference between pre- and post-scores isolates the treatment effect from baseline variation, making this one of the most widely used frameworks in experimental and quasi-experimental research across education, psychology, medicine, and the social sciences. |
| ScholarGateSet data ↗ |
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