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| Skala Depresi Studi Epidemiologi (CES-D)× | Skala Penilaian Kecemasan Hamilton (HAM-A)× | Skala Tekanan Psikologis Kessler-10 (K10)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Klinis | Psikologi Klinis | Psikologi Klinis |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1977 | 1959 | 2002 |
| Pencetus≠ | Lenore Sawyer Radloff | Max Hamilton | Ronald C. Kessler and colleagues |
| Tipe≠ | Community-based depression assessment | Clinician-administered anxiety assessment | Non-specific psychological distress screening |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. DOI ↗ | Hamilton, M. (1959). The assessment of anxiety states by rating. British Journal of Medical Psychology, 32(1), 50-55. DOI ↗ | Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. Y., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., ... & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959-976. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | CES-D, CESD | HAM-A, HARS | K10, K6, Kessler Scale |
| Terkait | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide. | The Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HAM-A) is a clinician-administered assessment tool for quantifying the severity of anxiety symptoms in adults. Developed by Max Hamilton in 1959, it remains one of the most widely used instruments for evaluating anxiety in clinical and research settings. The scale measures both psychological and somatic manifestations of anxiety across 14 items. | The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10) is a 10-item self-report measure of non-specific psychological distress and mental health problems. Developed by Kessler and colleagues in 2002, the K10 was designed as an ultra-brief screening instrument for population surveys and epidemiological research. A shorter 6-item version (K6) is also widely used for rapid case identification. |
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