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| Skala Depresi Studi Epidemiologi (CES-D)× | Skala Depresi Geriatri (GDS)× | Skala Tekanan Psikologis Kessler-10 (K10)× | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Klinis | Psikologi Klinis | Psikologi Klinis |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1977 | 1982 | 2002 |
| Pencetus≠ | Lenore Sawyer Radloff | Jerome A. Yesavage, Terry L. Brink, and colleagues | Ronald C. Kessler and colleagues |
| Tipe≠ | Community-based depression assessment | Age-appropriate depression screening | Non-specific psychological distress screening |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Radloff, L. S. (1977). The CES-D scale: A self-report depression scale for research in the general population. Applied Psychological Measurement, 1(3), 385-401. DOI ↗ | Yesavage, J. A., Brink, T. L., Rose, T. L., Lum, O., Huang, V., Adey, M., & Leirer, V. O. (1982). Development and validation of a geriatric depression screening scale: A preliminary report. Journal of Psychiatric Research, 17(1), 37-49. DOI ↗ | Kessler, R. C., Andrews, G., Colpe, L. Y., Hiripi, E., Mroczek, D. K., Normand, S. L., ... & Zaslavsky, A. M. (2002). Short screening scales to monitor population prevalences and trends in non-specific psychological distress. Psychological Medicine, 32(6), 959-976. DOI ↗ |
| Alias≠ | CES-D, CESD | GDS, GDS-15, GDS-30 | K10, K6, Kessler Scale |
| Terkait | 5 | 5 | 5 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) is a 20-item self-report instrument for measuring depressive symptoms in the general population. Developed by Lenore Radloff in 1977, the CES-D was designed for epidemiological research to rapidly identify depression in community samples. It remains a widely used measure in public health, aging research, and longitudinal cohort studies worldwide. | The Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS) is a 30-item self-report depression screening instrument specifically designed for older adults. Developed by Yesavage, Brink, and colleagues in 1982, the GDS addresses the unique presentation of depression in aging populations, where symptoms may differ from younger adults. A validated 15-item short form (GDS-15) is widely used in primary care and community settings for rapid screening. | The Kessler Psychological Distress Scale-10 (K10) is a 10-item self-report measure of non-specific psychological distress and mental health problems. Developed by Kessler and colleagues in 2002, the K10 was designed as an ultra-brief screening instrument for population surveys and epidemiological research. A shorter 6-item version (K6) is also widely used for rapid case identification. |
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