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| Fluks Aerodinamika Curah× | Model WRF× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Meteorologi | Meteorologi |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1981 | 2000 |
| Pencetus≠ | Large and Pond | Skamarock and Klemp |
| Tipe≠ | Surface flux estimation method | Atmospheric simulation system |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Large, W. G., & Pond, S. (1981). Open ocean momentum flux measurements in moderate to strong winds. Journal of Physical Oceanography, 11(3), 324-336. DOI ↗ | Skamarock, W. C., Klemp, J. B., Dudhia, J., et al. (2008). A Description of the Advanced Research WRF Version 3. NCAR Technical Note NCAR/TN-475+STR. link ↗ |
| Alias≠ | Bulk aerodynamic approach, Bulk flux parametrization, Aerodynamic bulk method | Weather Research and Forecasting, WRF, ARW, NMM |
| Terkait≠ | 3 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The bulk aerodynamic method estimates surface energy and momentum fluxes from standard meteorological observations. Rather than measuring turbulent fluxes directly, it parameterizes them using measurements of wind speed, temperature, and moisture at a reference height (typically 10 m) and surface conditions, multiplied by empirically derived drag and transfer coefficients. | The Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model is a mesoscale atmospheric simulation system used for weather forecasting, research, and climate applications. Developed cooperatively by NCAR, NOAA, and academic institutions, WRF became operational in 2004 and has become one of the most widely used atmospheric models worldwide. |
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