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| Skala Keputusasaan Beck (BHS)× | SPS: Skala Probabilitas Bunuh Diri× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Psikologi Forensik | Psikologi Forensik |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1974 | 1990 |
| Pencetus≠ | Aaron T. Beck, Albert Weissman, David Lester, Lori Trexler | John G. Cull, William S. Gill |
| Tipe | Self-report | Self-report |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Beck, A. T., Weissman, A., Lester, D., & Trexler, L. (1974). The measurement of pessimism: The Hopelessness Scale. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 42(6), 861–865. DOI ↗ | Cull, J. G., & Gill, W. S. (1990). Suicide Probability Scale (SPS): Professional manual. Western Psychological Services. link ↗ |
| Alias | BHS, Beck Hopelessness Scale, Hopelessness Assessment | SPS, Suicide Probability Scale, Cull-Gill SPS |
| Terkait | 4 | 4 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Beck Hopelessness Scale (BHS) is a 20-item self-report instrument developed by Aaron Beck and colleagues (1974) to measure the degree of hopelessness and pessimism about the future in adolescents and adults. It is grounded in Beck's cognitive theory of depression and suicide and is widely used in clinical, psychiatric, forensic, and research settings to assess suicide risk and identify individuals at elevated risk for self-harm and completed suicide. | The Suicide Probability Scale (SPS) is a 36-item self-report instrument developed by John Cull and William Gill (1990) to assess suicide risk, hopelessness, suicide ideation, negative self-evaluation, and hostility in adolescents and adults. It provides a multidimensional profile of suicide-related cognitions and emotions and is used in clinical, psychiatric, school, and forensic settings to screen for suicide risk and guide treatment planning. |
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