Bandingkan metode

	Spektroskopi ATR-FTIR	Gema Putaran NMR	NOESY
Bidang	Spektroskopi	Spektroskopi	Spektroskopi
Keluarga	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline	Process / pipeline
Tahun asal	1961	1950	1981
Pencetus	Joop Fahrenfort	Erwin Hahn	Richard Ernst
Tipe	Vibrational spectroscopy technique	Spectroscopic pulse sequence	Two-dimensional pulse sequence
Sumber perintis	Harrick, N. J. (1960). Study of physics of internal reflection from metals. Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, 13(2), 143-155.	Hahn, E. L. (1950). Spin echoes. Physical Review, 80(4), 580-594.	Aue, W. P., Bartholdi, E., & Ernst, R. R. (1976). Two-dimensional spectroscopy. Application to nuclear magnetic resonance. The Journal of Chemical Physics, 64(5), 2229-2246.
Alias	ATR-IR, attenuated total reflectance, FTIR spectroscopy	CPMG pulse sequence, spin-echo NMR	NOE spectroscopy, 2D NOESY, NOE NMR
Terkait	3	4	3
Ringkasan	Attenuated Total Reflectance (ATR) Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy is a variant of conventional FTIR that measures infrared absorption through evanescent-wave interrogation of samples in direct contact with a high-refractive-index crystal. Developed by Harrick and Fahrenfort in the 1960s, ATR-FTIR is now the dominant form of FTIR spectroscopy, enabling rapid, non-destructive characterization of organic compounds, polymers, coatings, and biological materials without extensive sample preparation.	The spin-echo is a fundamental nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) pulse sequence technique introduced by Erwin Hahn in 1950. It uses a 90-degree radiofrequency pulse followed by a 180-degree refocusing pulse to create an echo, effectively reversing the effects of magnetic field inhomogeneities and allowing accurate measurement of spin relaxation properties. This technique is essential in modern NMR spectroscopy for both one-dimensional and multidimensional experiments.	Nuclear Overhauser Enhancement Spectroscopy (NOESY) is a 2D NMR technique that detects through-space dipolar coupling between protons, rather than through-bond scalar coupling. Introduced by Macura and Ernst in 1981, NOESY reveals which protons are spatially close in the three-dimensional structure, independent of bonding connectivity. This makes NOESY invaluable for determining molecular conformation, assigning stereochemistry, and elucidating protein folds.