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| Tes Lengan Riset Aksi× | Pengujian Otot Manual× | |
|---|---|---|
| Bidang | Fisioterapi | Fisioterapi |
| Keluarga | Process / pipeline | Process / pipeline |
| Tahun asal≠ | 1989 | 1940s |
| Pencetus≠ | Roberta Lyle | Lucille Daniels and Catharine Worthingham |
| Tipe≠ | Performance-based test | Clinical examination technique |
| Sumber perintis≠ | Lyle, R. C. (1989). A performance test for assessment of upper limb function in physical rehabilitation treatment and research. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 12(6), 605-613. link ↗ | Kendall, F. P., McCreary, E. K., Provance, P. G., Rodgers, M. M., & Romani, W. A. (2005). Muscles: Testing and function with posture and pain (5th ed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. link ↗ |
| Alias≠ | ARAT | MMT, Muscle strength assessment |
| Terkait | 3 | 3 |
| Ringkasan≠ | The Action Research Arm Test (ARAT) is a 19-item performance-based assessment measuring upper limb function in four domains: grasp, grip, pinch, and gross movement. Developed by Roberta Lyle in 1989, the ARAT has become the standard functional assessment for upper limb recovery in stroke rehabilitation, providing detailed measurement of hand and arm coordination relevant to activities of daily living. | Manual muscle testing (MMT) is a clinical examination technique that quantifies muscle strength by applying manual resistance to isometric contractions and grading the result on a standardized scale (typically 0-5). Developed by Daniels and Worthingham in the 1940s, MMT remains the primary bedside method for assessing muscle weakness in neuromuscular and neurological disorders, establishing rehabilitation baselines, and monitoring treatment effectiveness. |
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